{"id":86728,"date":"2024-09-26T18:26:24","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T22:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/?p=86728"},"modified":"2024-09-27T10:51:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T14:51:43","slug":"us-and-china-greenhouse-gas-nitrous-oxide-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/news\/26092024\/us-and-china-greenhouse-gas-nitrous-oxide-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Focus on the \u2018Forgotten Greenhouse Gas\u2019 Intensifies as All Eyes Are on the U.S. and China to Curb Pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>NEW YORK\u2014As scientists, policymakers and environmental advocates seek to accelerate efforts to address climate change, they\u2019re zeroing in on a pollutant long considered the \u201cforgotten greenhouse gas.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third-largest driver of climate change and the leading source of atmospheric ozone depletion, nitrous oxide was center stage Wednesday night at Climate Week, one of the world\u2019s largest annual events dealing with the climate crisis. The N2O talk, at New York University, focused on the growing impacts of that pollution and the potential levers that could be pulled to curb it.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The presentations came amid ongoing bilateral discussions between the U.S. and China\u2014countries that collectively account for about a third of the world\u2019s N2O pollution\u2014on how to reduce these emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis is about meeting a moment that nitrous oxide has finally had in terms of both the policy and scientific interest in it,\u201d said David Kanter, an environmental studies professor at NYU and co-chair of a global assessment on nitrous oxide by the United Nations\u2019 Climate and Clean Air Coalition scheduled to be released next month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"mc_embed_signup_66f764a79a352\" class=\"icn-newsletter-block icn-block alignwide with-icons hide-email-field\">\n\t<form action=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.us2.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=7c733794100bcc7e083a163f0&amp;id=29c928ffb5\" method=\"post\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" name=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" class=\"validate\" target=\"_blank\" novalidate>\n\t\t<div id=\"mc_embed_signup_scroll_66f764a79a352\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"block-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/newsletter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNewsletters\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">We deliver climate news to your inbox like nobody else. Every day or once a week, our original stories and digest of the web&#8217;s top headlines deliver the full story, for free.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"newsletter-options-holder\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"newsletter-options\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<li class=\"icn-checkbox-holder\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"4\" name=\"group[13101][4]\" id=\"4-_66f764a79a368\"  >\n\n\t\t<label for=\"4-_66f764a79a368\" class=\"newsletter-option\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"top\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"64\" height=\"48\" fill=\"none\" class=\"icon icon-newsletter-weekly\" viewBox=\"0 0 64 48\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"8\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#9BDDB9\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#38BA73\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"20\" 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However, the gas is incredibly potent, 273 times worse than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas on a pound for pound basis, and emissions of it are rapidly rising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThey\u2019re not only going up, but they\u2019re going up even faster than we expected, faster than even the worst-case scenario,\u201d said Drew Shindell, an earth science professor at Duke University and a co-author of the upcoming nitrous oxide report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reducing nitrous oxide emissions could prevent 20 million premature deaths worldwide by mid-century, the researchers noted. However, if N2O emissions continue to increase, the added pollution could reverse all progress made in recent decades on restoring concentrations of atmosphere ozone, which protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, Kanter said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By mid-century, N2O could also be the leading driver of climate change as efforts to rein in carbon dioxide and methane, now the top drivers, take hold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Montreal Protocol, a binding international environmental agreement that has successfully curbed the production and use of other ozone-depleting substances, could be expanded to include nitrous oxide. Tad Ferris, senior counsel at the Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development, an environmental organization based in Washington, D.C., made that case during a brief presentation at the event for incorporating N2O into the Montreal Protocol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mumukshu Patel, the senior director of food and agriculture for Climate Advisers, a Washington-based environmental organization, would also like to see a voluntary agreement on nitrous oxide similar to the recent<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalmethanepledge.org\/#:~:text=Pledges,-Participants%20Champions&amp;text=We%20are%20seeing%20the%20%E2%80%9Cmethane,in%20the%20Global%20Methane%20Pledge.\"> Global Methane Pledge<\/a>. For that commitment, more than 150 countries said they would reduce methane emissions to address climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The majority of nitrous oxide pollution comes from the agriculture sector, where most emissions are tied to the use of nitrogen-based fertilizer. Reducing emissions from this sector often requires using less fertilizer more efficiently, something that can be difficult to do without jeopardizing food security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe have a lot of work to do to develop the technology that allows us to address those emissions at more affordable costs,\u201d said Eric Davidson, an environmental science professor at the University of Maryland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, industrial emissions, where nitrous oxide is an unwanted byproduct in chemical production, could be addressed at little cost with proven technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s low-hanging fruit because the technology is already there,\u201d Davidson said. \u201cThere is really no reason why we can\u2019t essentially limit those emissions to practically zero.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1667\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week.jpg\" alt=\"Drew Shindell, an earth science professor at Duke University, speaks about the potential health benefits of reducing nitrous oxide emissions at Climate Week in New York City. Credit: Phil McKenna\/Inside Climate News\" class=\"wp-image-86731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Drew-Shindell_Climate-Week-330x220.jpg 330w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Drew Shindell, an earth science professor at Duke University, speaks at Climate Week in New York City about the potential health benefits of reducing nitrous oxide emissions. Credit: Phil McKenna\/Inside Climate News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Davidson noted that most developed countries have already reduced their nitrous oxide emissions from the industrial sector and that<a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/news\/30122020\/chemical-plant-nitrous-oxide-climate-warming-emissions\/\"> the German government is assisting developing countries<\/a> in doing so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two exceptions are the United States and China, which together are responsible for approximately 80 percent of the world\u2019s nitrous oxide emissions from the industrial sector. The emissions come primarily from the production of adipic acid, a precursor to high-strength nylon, and nitric acid, used in fertilizer production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The nitrous oxide emissions from chemical plants in China and the U.S. were the focus of a <a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/news\/06082020\/china-n2o-super-pollutant-nylon-emissions-climate-change\/\">2020 investigation by Inside Climate News<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s really up to the U.S. and China right now to get their act together and abate those industrial emissions,\u201d Davidson said.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Producers of adipic acid and nitric acid in Europe and elsewhere have reduced nitrous oxide emissions by 99 percent or more through incineration or chemical breakdown. Installing similar pollution controls at a limited number of chemical plants in China alone could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 200 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, according to the U.S. deputy special envoy for climate, Rick Duke. The climate impact would be similar to shutting down 50 coal-fired power plants or taking nearly 50 million cars off the road.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a lot that we do know how to do on addressing industrial N2O,\u201d Duke said during closing remarks at the NYU event. \u201cWe clearly need to pick up the pace on addressing this.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duke noted that recent commitments from U.S. chemical manufacturers announced at<a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/news\/23072024\/biden-administration-targets-nitrous-oxide-emissions\/\"> a summit on climate super pollutants at the White House in July<\/a> put the U.S. on a path to cut its industrial nitrous oxide emissions in half by early next year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The emissions reductions are voluntary and incentivized through carbon markets. Avipsa Mahapatra, climate campaign director for the Environmental Investigation Agency U.S., a nonprofit based in Washington, said the emissions reductions should be mandatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere is really no excuse to not have a regulatory approach for easily avoidable emissions,\u201d Mahapatra said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duke and John Podesta, Biden\u2019s senior advisor for international climate policy,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/second-meeting-of-u-s-china-working-group-on-enhancing-climate-action-in-the-2020s\/\"> traveled to Beijing<\/a> in late August and early September to continue bilateral discussions with China to reduce methane and other \u201cnon-CO2\u201d greenhouse gases, including nitrous oxide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe are deep in conversation with China,\u201d Duke said. \u201cWe will continue to push for rapid progress to reduce those emissions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Following the visits, China\u2019s Ministry of Ecology and Environment held<a href=\"https:\/\/www.igsd.org\/china-explores-opportunities-to-address-nitrous-oxide-emissions\/\"> a workshop on opportunities to address nitrous oxide emissions<\/a>, including industrial pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duke noted that the U.S. and China will host a non-CO2 super-pollutant summit at COP29, the U.N. climate summit in Baku, Azerbaijan, in November.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For climate scientists who have long known of the impact of nitrous oxide pollution, the newfound focus by policymakers offers reasons for cautious optimism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHopefully following this kind of moment for N2O, there will be some tangible progress,\u201d Shindell of Duke University said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NEW YORK\u2014As scientists, policymakers and environmental advocates seek to accelerate efforts to address climate change, they\u2019re zeroing in on a pollutant long considered the \u201cforgotten greenhouse gas.\u201d&nbsp; The third-largest driver of climate change and the leading source of atmospheric ozone depletion, nitrous oxide was center stage Wednesday night at Climate Week, one of the world\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":86729,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"apple_news_api_created_at":"2024-09-26T22:26:32Z","apple_news_api_id":"0f174b45-5e83-427b-b6ae-621c1d381ca5","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2024-09-27T14:51:42Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAw==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ADxdLRV6DQnu2rmIcHTgcpQ","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2518,2519],"tags":[137,4486,292,24,480,2568,788,6717],"local":[],"topic":[2620,2713,4539,2522,2624],"profile":[2427],"class_list":["post-86728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics-policy","category-science","tag-china","tag-climate-week","tag-climate-week-nyc","tag-greenhouse-gas","tag-greenhouse-gas-emissions","tag-n2o","tag-nitrous-oxide","tag-nyc-climate-week","topic-climate-law-liability","topic-environment-health","topic-politics","topic-regulation","topic-super-climate-pollutants","profile-phil-mckenna"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Focus on the \u2018Forgotten Greenhouse Gas\u2019 Intensifies as All Eyes Are on the U.S. and China to Curb Pollution - Inside Climate News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Emissions of the long-overlooked nitrous oxide gas are rising quickly. 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