{"id":86000,"date":"2024-09-10T05:05:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T09:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/?p=86000"},"modified":"2024-09-16T09:13:07","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T13:13:07","slug":"ev-batteries-union-workers-downplay-politics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/news\/10092024\/ev-batteries-union-workers-downplay-politics\/","title":{"rendered":"As the UAW Moves Into Battery Plants, New Research Shows the Shift to EVs Doesn\u2019t Lead to Job Losses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/project\/politically-charged\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Politically Charged:<\/a> Fifth in a series about how political polarization threatens the EV future.&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LORDSTOWN, Ohio\u2014Not long ago, the shift to electric vehicles looked like it would be bad for workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The scenario went like this: Factories that make gasoline engines and transmissions, many of which are represented by unions, would shrink and eventually consolidate or close, while new jobs manufacturing EV batteries would be done at new, non-union plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But events in 2023 helped to rewrite the story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The United Auto Workers, under the leadership of a new president, Shawn Fain, took an aggressive stance in contract negotiations with Ford, General Motors and Stellantis. The union went on a partial strike beginning in September and won concessions that included welcoming the union into battery plants the auto companies were building as joint ventures with battery companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"mc_embed_signup_66f766b2265e4\" class=\"icn-newsletter-block icn-block alignwide with-icons hide-email-field\">\n\t<form action=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.us2.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=7c733794100bcc7e083a163f0&amp;id=29c928ffb5\" method=\"post\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" name=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" class=\"validate\" target=\"_blank\" novalidate>\n\t\t<div id=\"mc_embed_signup_scroll_66f766b2265e4\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"block-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/newsletter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNewsletters\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">We deliver climate news to your inbox like nobody else. Every day or once a week, our original stories and digest of the web&#8217;s top headlines deliver the full story, for free.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"newsletter-options-holder\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"newsletter-options\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<li class=\"icn-checkbox-holder\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"4\" name=\"group[13101][4]\" id=\"4-_66f766b2265fb\"  >\n\n\t\t<label for=\"4-_66f766b2265fb\" class=\"newsletter-option\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"top\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"64\" height=\"48\" fill=\"none\" class=\"icon icon-newsletter-weekly\" viewBox=\"0 0 64 48\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"8\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#9BDDB9\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#38BA73\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"20\" 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Get a daily email of our original, groundbreaking stories written by our national network of award-winning reporters.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- \/.info -->\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- \/.top -->\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icn-checkbox\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"text\">Get Breaking News<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- \/.footer -->\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/label>\n\n\t<\/li>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- \/.newsletter-options-holder -->\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"newsletter-options-holder\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"newsletter-options local-options\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- \/.newsletter-options-holder -->\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"icn-extra-fields\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mc-field-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"mce-EMAIL_66f766b2265e4\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">Email Address<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"email\" value=\"\" name=\"EMAIL\" class=\"required email\" id=\"mce-EMAIL_66f766b2265e4\" placeholder=\"Email Address\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mc-field-group input-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"icn-checkbox-holder terms-of-service-field-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"524288\" name=\"group[13117][524288]\" id=\"mce-group[13117]-13117-0_66f766b2265e4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"mce-group[13117]-13117-0_66f766b2265e4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icn-checkbox\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"label-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI agree to the <a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/about\/privacy-policy\/\">terms of service and privacy policy<\/a>.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mce-responses_66f766b2265e4\" class=\"clear\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-error-response_66f766b2265e4\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"response\" id=\"mce-success-response_66f766b2265e4\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>    <!-- real people should not fill this in and expect good things - do not remove this or risk form bot signups-->\n\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"position: absolute; left: -5000px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"b_7c733794100bcc7e083a163f0_29c928ffb5\" tabindex=\"-1\" value=\"\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"clear\"><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Sign Up\" name=\"subscribe\" id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe_66f766b2265e4\" class=\"button\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- \/.icn-extra-fields -->\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>At that time, just one joint venture plant had opened: Ultium Cells in northeast Ohio, co-owned by GM and LG. What has happened at that plant since then gives hope that the transition to EVs can be a net positive for workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s the future,\u201d Lisa Moore, a worker at the plant, said about EVs. \u201cAnd there is no stopping us.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because of the union contract that was finalized in June, she earns nearly $30 per hour, almost double her $16.50 starting pay when the plant opened two years ago. The contract covers about 1,750 employees, the large majority of people at the plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This spring, Ultium began production at its second plant, in Spring Hill, Tennessee. On Sept. 4, the UAW said a majority of workers at the plant had signed cards and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/money\/cars\/2024\/09\/04\/uaw-recognition-ultium-battery-gm-lg-plant-spring-hill-tennessee\/75069859007\/\">Ultium agreed to recognize the union<\/a>. But the Ultium sites are the exception\u2014Tesla and other EV battery manufacturers have resisted unions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-multiply\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/project\/politically-charged\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PoliticallyChargedBug600x400px.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79734\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PoliticallyChargedBug600x400px.png 600w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PoliticallyChargedBug600x400px-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PoliticallyChargedBug600x400px-330x220.png 330w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Workers and industry analysts want to know how the shift from gasoline engines to electric motors will affect the quantity and quality of jobs. The answers depend in large part on how successful unions are at organizing in battery plants. This becomes a political question because of how Democrats have historically supported unionization, while Republicans have resisted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Discussions about the quantity of jobs have been influenced by a widely cited estimate that auto plants will need 30 percent fewer workers to make electric vehicles. But a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52435-x.epdf?sharing_token=6eQeCSaBL8HqcySVhALFCdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mo-ImsQODmJbSWSGQY5bqf0aIvVSgeehRVN_RkIkFbEeM0JDkZUnoiV97z61xYehOzZX4x4sh28CU_bMzSwRS60zHY3OT9Vyx5EnXN2ZHBZsmZC179fFYLW74OrZyHvF4%3D\">new study<\/a> of job counts at plants that converted to build EVs suggests this transition has led to more jobs, not less.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Academic research is happening alongside a spirited partisan debate. Former President Donald Trump has made the claim that EVs are job-killers one of the central themes of his re-election campaign. The UAW\u2019s main office has put its weight behind Vice President Kamala Harris, with Fain appearing at the Democratic National Convention and crediting Harris and the Biden administration specifically for helping to bring jobs back to Lordstown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But at the Ultium plant, workers avoid even the hint of politics. They are emphatic in their belief that support for EVs should not be divided along partisan lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Lisa Moore works at Ultium Cells in Lordstown, Ohio, and was one of the people who helped to persuade her co-workers to join the UAW. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News\" class=\"wp-image-86005\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5513-330x220.jpg 330w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lisa Moore works at Ultium Cells in Lordstown, Ohio, and was one of the people who helped to persuade her co-workers to join the UAW. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s a matter of customer choice and people should have a variety of choices, Moore said in an interview at the union hall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDo you want a Milky Way or frickin\u2019 Reese\u2019s cup?\u201d she asks, comparing the choice of a car to the choice of a snack.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her outlook reflects that she lives in a region that is up for grabs politically, where Democrats used to do well because of support from white working class voters, but where Trump and other Republicans have succeeded in recent elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Town on the Upswing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lordstown is part of the Youngstown-Warren metro area in northeast Ohio, a region built on heavy industry that has gone through decades of strife as factories closed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the linchpins of the local economy was General Motors\u2019 Lordstown Assembly plant, which operated from 1966 to 2019 and made compact cars such as the Chevrolet Vega, Cavalier and Cruze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Employment at the plant peaked at more than 10,000 workers in the mid-1970s and went through a long decline, shrinking to about 1,500 workers at the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-multiply\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LordstownClevelandOhio700px.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-86018\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LordstownClevelandOhio700px.png 700w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/LordstownClevelandOhio700px-300x251.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>David Green grew up in the area and worked at the plant. He became president of the UAW local in 2018, right before GM said the plant would close.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen they made that announcement, it was like, \u2018Oh shit, the last best game in town is leaving,\u2019 and that was hard,\u201d he said. \u201cI saw people go through bankruptcies, divorces, moves across the country. We had members commit suicide.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He transferred to a GM plant in Bedford, Indiana, in 2019, and three years later he was elected director of UAW Region 2B, which includes all of Indiana and Ohio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His history in northeast Ohio made him especially pleased to be part of organizing the Ultium plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Lordstown Assembly complex still stands, but its parking lots are mostly empty. The current owner is Foxconn, a Tiawanese electronics manufacturer, which has said it intends to build electric cars there at some point. Foxconn didn\u2019t respond to a request for comment and has not provided any recent update on its plans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ultium Cells plant is two miles from the former GM plant, in a complex that hadn\u2019t yet broken ground when Lordstown Assembly closed. The battery packs produced at the plant are used in the Cadillac Lyriq and Chevrolet Blazer, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This flat, industrial area off I-80 has seen generations produce steel, cars and other essentials. To get a sense of local history, a visitor needs to go south of the interstate and find the long driveway to the UAW Local 1112 hall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1329\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_MK_Sharpened.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Devlin (left) and John Gordon greet visitors to the UAW Local 1112 hall in Lordstown, Ohio. They are retired auto workers have helped to keep the hall operating in the time since General Motors closed the Lordstown Assembly plant in 2019. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News\" class=\"wp-image-86008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_MK_Sharpened.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_MK_Sharpened-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_MK_Sharpened-1024x544.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_MK_Sharpened-768x408.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_MK_Sharpened-1536x817.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_MK_Sharpened-2048x1089.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jim Devlin (left) and John Gordon greet visitors to the UAW Local 1112 hall in Lordstown, Ohio. They are retired auto workers have helped to keep the hall operating in the time since General Motors closed the Lordstown Assembly plant in 2019. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Retirees from Lordstown Assembly have led the local since the plant closed, keeping it open in the hope that the union would organize another plant in the area and allow a new generation of workers to assume control. The interior walls are filled with photos and signs that celebrate the people who worked at the plant and the cars they made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On a recent weekday morning, the transition between generations was evident, as GM retirees were doing the equivalent of office hours, seated at a table in a multi-purpose room. They were trying to identify which Ultium workers would be good candidates for the many positions running the union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the retirees suggested Travis Hathaway, an Ultium employee, as a candidate to serve as chaplain, a role that would mean taking the lead on spiritual activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"732\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5544c-732x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Travis Hathaway is a second-generation UAW member. Before he worked at Ultium Cells, he was a pastor. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News\" class=\"wp-image-86006\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5544c-732x1024.jpg 732w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5544c-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5544c-768x1075.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5544c-1097x1536.jpg 1097w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5544c.jpg 1203w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Travis Hathaway is a second-generation UAW member. Before he worked at Ultium Cells, he was a pastor. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Hathaway, 52, was there that day to meet with a reporter, and took a seat in a comfortable chair in the front lobby, joined by his wife, Heidi. Before his job at Ultium, he had worked at a steel plant, except for a two-year break to serve as an assistant pastor at a non-denominational Christian church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The son of a GM worker, he grew up in the area and came to associate the Chevrolet \u201cbow tie\u201d logo with a sense of security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThose guys,\u201d he said, about the people who came before him in the union, \u201cthey paved the way. They took the calluses. I respect them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ultium plant opening has provided momentum for a revitalization of the region, he said. Downtown Warren has been transformed by new restaurants and other amenities, and Youngstown has become safer and more visually appealing after a rough stretch.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>He sees evidence of local pride in the \u201c330\u201d tattoos among residents, representing the local area code, although a 330 is not among his many tattoos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s definitely on the upswing,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While new businesses are creating jobs in this region, calculating how many positions will be lost or gained in the shift to EVs goes beyond simple addition and subtraction.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Job Numbers Vary<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the challenges in assessing the economic ramifications of the transition to electric transportation is that the people doing the analysis are often talking about different things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, when asking if a shift to EVs is a net positive for U.S. jobs, does this include jobs related to the expansion of charging infrastructure?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What about jobs at gas stations that may fail to adapt to EVs, or car repair shops whose owners decide to close rather than learn to fix electric motors?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most answerable questions about the quantity of jobs are simple and specific, such as this: What has happened to employee headcounts in U.S. plants that shifted from gasoline vehicles to EVs?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rdcu.be\/dT1yV\">A new paper<\/a> in the journal Nature Communications looks at three such U.S. plants and found that employment went up.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"icn-donate-block\"><h3 class=\"block-title\">This story is funded by readers like you.<\/h3><p>Our nonprofit newsroom provides award-winning climate coverage free of charge and advertising. We rely on donations from readers like you to keep going. Please donate now to support our work.<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimate.fundjournalism.org\/donate\/?amount=15&#038;campaign=7013a000003Bk97AAC&#038;frequency=monthly\" class=\"button button-red\" target=\"_blank\">Donate Now<\/a><\/div> <!-- \/.icn-donate-block -->\n\n\n<p>The authors, a team from the University of Michigan, looked at the former Toyota and GM joint venture plant in Fremont, California, now operated by Tesla; the GM Orion assembly plant in Oakland, Michigan, which began producing the Chevrolet Bolt EV in 2016; and a plant in McClean, Illinois, initially run by Mitsubishi and now Rivian\u2019s main site for making electric trucks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The number of workers needed relative to how many vehicles the plants were producing increased at all three plants. This remained true even after the initial ramp-up period when the plants began to make EVs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors conclude that the shift to EVs has required an increase in workers, and that it may take a decade or more for plants to improve their efficiency to the point that they can reduce the labor intensity so it\u2019s less than that of making gasoline vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The relative lack of efficiency is because the EV plants are still working their way up to having economies of scale that can drive down costs, and many of the plants\u2019 processes are so new that companies have not had much time to refine them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors also debunk some widely repeated claims that the transition to EVs will reduce the number of auto workers. One of those claims, that making EVs will require 30 percent fewer assembly line workers than making gasoline models, was mentioned in a Ford executive\u2019s 2017 presentation and a variety of sources have repeated it as fact since then.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cEverybody agreed on it,\u201d said Anna Stefanopoulou, a University of Michigan engineering professor and co-author of the paper. \u201cBut we didn&#8217;t actually have any hard data supporting this argument. It was just like common knowledge, as if it\u2019s a fact, but in fact, there was no fact about it. There was no data about it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new paper doesn\u2019t go so far as to say the 30 percent job cut estimate is wrong, but it does say that an efficiency gain of that magnitude would take at least 15 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other researchers have reached similar conclusions. The International Council on Clean Transportation published <a href=\"https:\/\/theicct.org\/two-reasons-the-ev-transition-could-mean-more-us-manufacturing-jobs-dec23\/\">a summary of research<\/a> that had been done as of late last year and found substantial evidence that the shift to EVs will lead to an increase in manufacturing jobs plus jobs for building and maintaining charging systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Agora Verkehrswende, a German think tank that focuses on clean transportation, said in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agora-verkehrswende.de\/fileadmin\/Projekte\/2021\/BCG-Jobstudie\/70_Jobeffekte_EN.pdf\">a 2022 report<\/a> that the transition away from fossil fuels will lead to a small increase in auto manufacturing employment in Germany. Many of the jobs will change and require different skills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But even if the auto industry can maintain or add to the quantity of jobs, there are no guarantees about the quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Push for Higher Wages<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before a packed crowd outside a Detroit airport hangar in August, Shawn Fain served as one of the warmup speakers for Harris and her running mate, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, as they made their first battleground state tour together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He listed the unionized auto plants that closed during the Trump administration, including in Lordstown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDonald Trump said nothing and did nothing to help auto workers,\u201d Fain said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He contrasted this by describing how the Biden-Harris administration helped bring jobs back, including to Lordstown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two weeks later, he spoke at the Democratic National Convention, and again focused on Lordstown to criticize Trump and praise Harris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDonald Trump is all talk and Kamala Harris walks the walk,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5589-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Bumper stickers adorn a door at the UAW hall in Lordstown, Ohio. The union is active in politics, while also saying that politics should not play a role in someone's choice of whether to drive an EV or not. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News\" class=\"wp-image-86012\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5589-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5589-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5589-768x1151.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5589-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Ultium-Cells-UAW_5589.jpg 1334w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bumper stickers adorn a door at the UAW hall in Lordstown, Ohio. The union is active in politics, while also saying that politics should not play a role in someone&#8217;s choice of whether to drive an EV or not. Credit: Dan Gearino\/Inside Climate News<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Green, the Region 2B director, said there is no contradiction between the union supporting a candidate in a political race and arguing that EVs shouldn\u2019t be political.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI know people don\u2019t want to talk about politics in the United States, but the reality is if we didn\u2019t have the Biden-Harris administration, that Ultium plant probably wouldn\u2019t have been there,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He pointed to the Inflation Reduction Act as one of several examples of Biden-era actions that are helping the United States develop an EV economy to compete with other countries, and are essential for the Ultium plant to succeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The thought process for selecting a candidate and for selecting a vehicle are so different that it doesn\u2019t make sense to link them, he said. He drives a Chevrolet Colorado pickup, which he chose because the price was right and it meets his needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The UAW aims to organize the joint venture plants as they open. In addition to the Ultium plants in Lordstown and Spring Hill, another is planned for Lansing, Michigan. BlueOval SK, a partnership of Ford and SK, has announced plants in Stanton, Tennessee, and Glendale, Kentucky. Stellantis and Samsung said they have a joint venture to open a battery plant in Kokomo, Indiana, and GM and Samsung have a joint venture in New Carlisle, Indiana.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Many other battery plants, both operating and planned, are owned or co-owned by automakers that do not have a history of unionization the way that GM, Ford and Stellantis do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since 2021, companies have announced plans to hire about 80,000 workers in jobs related to EV or battery manufacturing in the United States, <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.anl.gov\/anlpubs\/2024\/03\/187735.pdf\">according to Argonne National Laboratory<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For perspective, about 1.1 million people work at U.S. manufacturing plants that assemble cars and light trucks or that produce auto parts, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iag\/tgs\/iagauto.htm\">according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/a>. EV and battery jobs remain a small part of the industry, but they account for most of the growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1406\" src=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/UltiumCells-OH.jpg\" alt=\"The Ultium Cells plant in Lordstown, Ohio, is a joint venture of General Motors and LG. It began procuction of EV batteries in 2022. Credit: Ultium Cells\" class=\"wp-image-86015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/UltiumCells-OH.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/UltiumCells-OH-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/UltiumCells-OH-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/UltiumCells-OH-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/UltiumCells-OH-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/UltiumCells-OH-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Ultium Cells plant in Lordstown, Ohio, is a joint venture of General Motors and LG. It began procuction of EV batteries in 2022. Credit: Ultium Cells<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The UAW hopes successes, like the near-doubling of pay in Lordstown, will make it easier to persuade workers at other plants to organize. But even if the efforts fall short in other plants, the Lordstown contract could succeed in increasing the pay standards for all battery plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This would follow a long-term trend in which nonunion automakers such as Toyota and Honda will give pay raises that narrow the gap with union plants, sometimes as part of an effort to neutralize organizing. This happened after last year\u2019s UAW strike, with at least five nonunion companies <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/automakers-with-non-union-workforce-race-bump-pay-after-uaws-record-deals-2023-11-21\/\">giving raises<\/a> following the latest union contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sticking to the Union&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ultium contract, and the experiences of workers who benefit from it, show the stakes as U.S. electric vehicle manufacturing grows into a major employer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, there is a clear before and after. The workers interviewed for this story remember what it was like working at the plant for lower pay, with less generous healthcare benefits and less input on issues related to workplace safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lisa Moore went through cancer treatment in the period before the contract, and she can see the practical effect of needing to pay high premiums and copays versus having to pay almost nothing under the UAW healthcare plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cPeople\u2019s lives are changing. It\u2019s amazing that all this is coming back.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>She was one of the employees who helped lead the unionization effort and feels relief that she made it through treatment and is able to enjoy the new contract. She grew up in the area and had friends and family who had worked at Lordstown Assembly, but this was her first time joining a union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m still here,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The consequences of unionization, employees said, include having money to buy cars and houses and no longer needing second jobs, such as driving for DoorDash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPeople\u2019s lives are changing,\u201d Moore said. \u201cIt\u2019s amazing that all this is coming back.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea of a comeback has several dimensions. When the GM assembly plant closed, many of the workers transferred to other plants across the country. Now that the Ultium plant has organized with the UAW, some of those people have returned to work for Ultium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As of the beginning of August, more than 150 workers had come back, reuniting with family and friends to whom they said goodbye just a few years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the mood is positive now, there is some trepidation. For Ultium to succeed and grow, people need to buy electric vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A big part of that, the workers said, is acknowledging that EVs can be for everybody and partisanship has no role in determining what kind of vehicle a person drives or buys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t make it political at all,\u201d said Hathaway, the former pastor. \u201cI don\u2019t think everybody\u2019s going to want an EV. I don\u2019t think that fits for every type of person. It\u2019s going to come down to a personal decision.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This story has been updated to include links to research published in Nature Communications.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Politically Charged: Fifth in a series about how political polarization threatens the EV future.&nbsp; LORDSTOWN, Ohio\u2014Not long ago, the shift to electric vehicles looked like it would be bad for workers. The scenario went like this: Factories that make gasoline engines and transmissions, many of which are represented by unions, would shrink and eventually consolidate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":86028,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"apple_news_api_created_at":"2024-09-10T09:15:13Z","apple_news_api_id":"e22b627b-7315-487f-8d73-6ddd96ae5696","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2024-09-16T13:13:14Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQ==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/A4itie3MVSH-Nc23dlq5Wlg","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2379,2518],"tags":[1779,4629,30,1807,5447,28,1416,524,1780,168,20,6645,3157,4513],"local":[6661,6656],"topic":[2523,4539,2625],"profile":[2441],"class_list":["post-86000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clean-energy","category-politics-policy","tag-batteries","tag-battery-plants","tag-electric-vehicles","tag-evs","tag-politically-charged","tag-general-motors","tag-gm","tag-labor-unions","tag-lg","tag-midwest","tag-ohio","tag-ultium-cells","tag-unions","tag-united-auto-workers","local-midwest","local-ohio","topic-business-finance","topic-politics","topic-technology-innovation","profile-dan-gearino"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - 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